ACADEMIC READING TEST 3		BOOK CAMBRIDGE IELTS 10
	READING PASSAGE 1, QUESTIONS 1-13	20	Upper
		21	Dry
1	ii	22	North
2	i	23	FALSE
3	v	24	TRUE
4	vii	25	TRUE
5	TRUE	26	NOT GIVEN
6	NOT GIVEN
7	NOT GIVEN		READING PASSAGE 3, QUESTIONS 27-40
8	TRUE
9	NOT GIVEN	27	B
10	FALSE	28	F
11	source of income/industry	29	I
12	employer	30	G
13	domestic tourism	31	D
		32	C
	READING PASSAGE 2, QUESTIONS 14-26	33	A
		34	D
14	C	35	C
15	B	36	NO
16	H	37	YES
17	B	38	NOT GIVEN
18	E	39	YES
19	sun (light)	40	NOT GIVEN

TEST 3 ACADEMIC READING PASSAGE 1

You should about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based are based on Reading Passage 1 on the following pages.

Questions 1-4

Reading Passage 1 has five paragraphs, A-E.

Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E from the list of headings below.

Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings

I               Economic and social significance of tourism

ii              The development of mass tourism

iii             Travel for the wealthy

iv             Earning foreign exchange through tourism

v              Difficulty in recognizing the economic effects of tourism

vi             The contribution of air travel to tourism

vii            The world impact of tourism

viii           The history of travel

 

Example                               Answer

Paragraphs A                     viii

1     Paragraphs B

2     Paragraphs C

3     Paragraphs D

4     Paragraphs E

 

The Context, Meaning, and Scope of Tourism

A       Travel has existed since the beginning of time, when a primitive man set out, often traversing great distances in search of game, which provided the food and clothing necessary for his survival. Throughout the course of history, people have traveled for purposes of trade, religious conviction, economic gain, war, migration, and other equally compelling motivations. In the Roman era, wealthy aristocrats and high government officials also traveled for pleasure. Seaside resorts located at Pompeii and Herculaneum afforded citizens the opportunity to escape to their vacation villas in order to avoid the summer heat of Rome. Travel, except during the Dark Ages, has continued to grow and throughout recorded history, has played a vital role in the development of civilizations and their economies.

B        Tourism in the mass form as we know it today is a distinctly twentieth-century phenomenon. Historians suggest that the advent of mass tourism began in England during the industrial revolution with the rise of the middle class and the availability of relatively inexpensive transportation. The creation of the commercial airline industry following the Second World War and the subsequent development of jet aircraft in the 1950s signaled the rapid growth and expansion of international travel. This growth led to the development of a major new industry: tourism. In turn, international tourism became the concern of a number of world governments since it not only provided new employment opportunities but also produced a means of earning foreign exchange.

C Tourism today has grown significantly in both economic and social importance. In most industrialized countries over the past few years, the fastest growth has been seen in the area of services. One of the largest segments of the service industry, although largely unrecognized as an entity in some of these countries, is travel and tourism. According to the World on Tourism Council (1992), ‘Travel and tourism is the largest industry in the world on virtually any economic measure including value-added capital investment, employment, and tax contributions, In 1992, the industry’s gross output was estimated to be $3.5 trillion, over 12 percent of all consumer spending. The travel and tourism industry is the world’s largest employer with almost 130 million jobs or almost 7 percent of all employees. This industry is the world’s leading industrial contributor, producing over 6 percent of the world’s gross national product and accounting for capital investment in excess of $422 billion in direct, indirect, and personal taxes each year. Thus, tourism has a profound impact both on the world economy and, because of the educative effect of travel and the effect on employment, on society itself.

D  However, the major problems of the travel and tourism industry that have hidden, or obscured, its economic impact is the diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself. The travel industry includes hotels, motels, and other types of accommodation; restaurants and other food services; transportation services and facilities; amusements, attractions, and other leisure facilities; gift shops and a large number of other enterprises. Since many of these businesses also serve local residents, the impact of spending by visitors can easily be overlooked or underestimated. In addition, Meis (1992) points out that the tourism industry to develop any type of reliable or credible tourism information base in order to estimate the contribution it makes to regional, national, and global economies. However, the nature of this very diversity makes travel and tourism ideal vehicles for economic development in a wide variety of countries, regions, or communities.

E Once the exclusive province of the wealthy, travel and tourism have become an institutionalized way of life for most of the population. In fact, McIntosh and Goeldner l(1990) suggest that tourism has become the largest commodity in international trade for many nations and, for a significant number of other countries, it ranks second or third. For example, tourism is the major source of income in Bermuda, Greece, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, and most Caribbean countries. In addition, Hawkins and Ritchie, quoting from data published by the American Express Company, suggest that the travel and tourism industry is the number one ranked employer in the Bahamas, Brazil, Canada, France, (the former) West Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States. However, because of problems of definition, which directly affect the statistical measurement, it is not possible with any degree of certainty to provide precise, valid, or reliable data about the extent of worldwide tourism participation or its economic participation or its economic impact. In many cases, similar difficulties arise when attempts are made to measure domestic tourism.

Questions 5-10

 

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 5-10 on your answer sheet, write

5     The largest employment figures in the world are found in the travel and tourism industry.

6      Tourism contributes over six percent of the Australian gross national product.

7       Tourism has a social impact because it promotes recreation.

8       Two main features of the travel and tourism industry make its economic significance difficult to ascertain.

9       Visitor spending is always greater than the spending of residents in tourist areas.

10      It is easy to show statistically how tourism affects individual economics.

 

Questions 11-13 complete the sentences below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.

11     In Greece, tourism is the most important ………………….

12     The travel and tourism industry in Jamaica is the major ………………….

13     The problems associated with measuring international tourism are often reflected in the measurement of ……………… 

 

THANKS FOR READING: The Context Meaning and scope of Tourism