The coconut palm - IELTS All AnswerKey

TEST 3 (THREE) ACADEMIC READING

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	TEST 3 (THREE) ACADEMIC READING		BOOK CAMBRIDGE IELTS 13 ANSWER KEY

	READING PASSAGE 1, 1-13	20	bridge hypothesis
		21	repertoire
1	furniture	22	(audio-recording) vests
2	sugar	23	vocabulary
3	ropes	24	F
4	charcoal	25	A
5	bowls	26	E
6	hormones
7	cosmetics		READING 3, QUESTIONS 27-40
8	dynamite
9	FALSE	27	C
10	FALSE	28	H
11	NOT GIVEN	29	A
12	TRUE	30	B
13	NOT GIVEN	31	D
		32	shells
	READING PASSAGE 2, QUESTIONS 14-26	33	lake
		34	rainfall
14	B	35	grains
15	C	36	pottery
16	A	37	B
17	B	38	A
18	recording devices	39	D
19	fathers/dads	40	A

Money is sweet and you never have to go into debt this Thomas Lagashu story is for you

For millennia, the coconut has been central to the lives of Polynesian and Asian peoples. In the western world, on the other hand, coconuts have always been exotic and unusual, sometimes rare. The Italian merchant traveler Marco Polo apparently saw coconuts in South Asia in the late 13th century, and among the mid-14th-century travel writings of Sir John Mandeville, there is mention of ‘great Notes of Ynde’ (great Nuts of India). Today, images of palm-fringed tropical beaches are clichés in the west to sell holidays, chocolate bars, fizzy drinks, and even romance.

Typically, we envisage coconuts as brown cannonballs that, when opened, provide sweet white flesh. But we see only part of the fruit and none of the plant from which they come. The coconut palm has a smooth, slender, grey trunk, up to 30 meters tall. This is an important source of timber for building houses and is increasingly being used as a replacement for endangered hardwoods in the furniture construction industry. The trunk is surmounted by a rosette of leaves, each of which may be up to six meters long. The leaves have hard veins in their centers which, in many parts of the world, are used as brushes after the green part of the leaf has been stripped away. Immature coconut flowers are tightly clustered together among the leaves at the top of the trunk. The flower stems may be tapped for their sap to produce a drink, and the sap can also be reduced by boiling to produce a type of sugar used for cooking.

Coconut palms produce as many as seventy fruits per year, weighing more than a kilogram each. The wall of the fruit has three layers: a waterproof outer layer, a fibrous middle layer, and a hard, inner layer. The thick fibrous middle layer produces coconut fiber, ‘coir’, which has numerous uses and is particularly important in manufacturing ropes. The woody innermost layer, the shell, with its three prominent ‘eyes’, surrounds the seed. An important product obtained from the shell is charcoal, which is widely used in various industries as well as in the home as a cooking fuel. When broken in half, the shells are also used as bowls in many parts of Asia.

Inside the shell are the nutrients (endosperm) needed by the developing seed. Initially, the endosperm is a sweetish liquid, coconut water, which is enjoyed as a drink but also provides the hormones which encourage other plants to grow more rapidly and produce higher yields. As the fruit matures, the coconut water gradually solidifies to form the brilliant white, fat-rich, edible flesh or meat. Dried coconut flesh, ‘copra’, is made into coconut oil and coconut milk, which are widely used in cooking in different parts of the world, as well as in cosmetics. A derivative of coconut fat, glycerine, acquired strategic importance in a quite different sphere, as Alfred Nobel introduced the world to his nitroglycerine-based invention: dynamite.

Their biology would appear to make coconuts the great maritime voyagers and coastal colonizers of the plant world. The large, energy-rich fruits are able to float in water and tolerate salt, but cannot remain viable indefinitely; studies suggest after about 110 days at sea they are no longer able to germinate. Literally cast onto desert island shores, with little more than sand to grow in and exposed to the full glare of the tropical sun, coconut seeds are able to germinate and root. The air pocket in the seed, created as the endosperm solidifies, protects the embryo. In addition, the fibrous fruit wall that helped it to float during the voyage stores moisture that can be taken up by the roots of the coconut seedling as it starts to grow.

There have been centuries of academic debate over the origins of the coconut. There were no coconut palms in West Africa, the Caribbean, or the east coast of the Americans before the voyages of the European explorers Vasco da Gama and Columbus in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. 16th-century trade and human migration patterns reveal that Arab traders and European sailors are likely to have moved coconuts from South and Southeast Asia to Africa and then across the Atlantic to the east coast of America. But the origin of coconuts discovered along the west coast of America by 16th-century sailors has been the subject of centuries of discussion. Two diametrically opposed origins have been proposed: that they came from Asia, or that they were native to America. Both suggestions have problems. In Asia, there is a large degree of coconut diversity and evidence of millennia of human use – but there are no relatives growing in the wild. In America, there are close coconut relatives, but no evidence that coconuts are indigenous. These problems have led to the intriguing suggestion that coconuts originated on coral islands in the Pacific and were dispersed from there.

Questions 1-8

Complete the table below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.

THE COCONUT PALM
Part	Description	Uses
trunk	up to 30 meters	timber for houses and the making of 1……………………..
leaves	up to 6 meters long	to make brushes
flowers	at the top of the trunk	stems provide sap, used as a drink or a source of 2…………………….
fruits	outer layer
the middle layer (coir fibers)	used for 3………………………,
The inner layer (shell)	a source of 4…………………….(when halved) for 5…………………….
coconut water	a drinking source of 6…………………….. for other plants
coconut flesh	oil and milk for cooking and 7…………………….glycerine (an ingredient in 8……………………….)

Questions 9-13

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

9 Coconut seeds need shade in order to germinate.

10 Coconuts were probably transported to Asia from America in the 16th century.

11 Coconuts found on the west coast of America were a different type from those found on the east coast.

12 All the coconuts found in Asia are cultivated varieties.

13 Coconuts are cultivated in different ways in America and the Pacific.

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Thanks for Reading: The coconut palm