SECTION 1 Questions 1 – 14
Read the text and answer Questions 1-7
Don’t Have a Car? Here are some of our suggestions for getting around town.
- Bus It
Carnegie Mellon and the city’s public transportation system, Port Authority Transit (PAT), have an agreement by which degree-eligible students may ride any PAT vehicle when they show a valid Carnegie Mellon ID card. There are numerous buses with stops in the Oakland area, and many of them stop right in front of Carnegie Mellon’s campus. Bus schedules are available at the University Center Information Desk, or they can be found online on the Port Authority website: ww.portauthority.org
- Bike It
Bring your bike to campus. It’s great exercise and there are plenty of free parking spaces (racks) available near the class. And when you’re ready for a break from hitting the books, there are loads of trails to ride throughout the city.
- Cab It
It’s not free, but many Carnegie Mellon students use a cab to travel to places like the South Side and the Strip District. People’s Cab Co. 412-441-3200; Yellow Cab Co., 412-321-8100; Port Authority Transit (PAT), 412-442-2000.
- Walk It
There is plenty to do just outside of the Carnegie Mellon campus in Oakland, Shadyside, and Squirrel Hill. The Carnegie Museum of Art and the Carnegie Museum of History are right down the street. Not to mention the Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens that will make even a winter day look alive. Squirrel Hill and Shadyside shopping and eateries are within a 20-minute walk from campus.
- Zip It
It’s about as close as you can get to borrow the family car. Zipcars are located on and around campus and in several other locations in Pittsburgh. To use them, you sign up for an account online and get a card. When you need to get somewhere, book a reservation for one of the Zipcars online and then use your card to unlock the doors during the reserved time.
| GENERAL TRAINING READING ANSWERS | |
| READING PASSAGE 1 (ONE) | |
| 1 | D |
| 2 | C |
| 3 | B |
| 4 | E |
| 5 | D |
| 6 | B |
| 7 | D |
| 8 | contracted rate |
| 9 | fuel |
| 10 | low objects |
| 11 | written permission |
| 12 | Avis staff |
| 13 | fault |
| 14 | belongings |
| GENERAL TRAINING READING ANSWERS | |
| READING PASSAGE 2 (TWO) | |
| 15 | F |
| 16 | NG |
| 17 | F |
| 18 | T |
| 19 | NG |
| 20 | NG |
| 21 | NG |
| 22 | E |
| 23 | B |
| 24 | A |
| 25 | H |
| 26 | F |
| 27 | C |
| GENERAL TRAINING READING ANSWERS | |
| READING PASSAGE 3 (THREE) | |
| 28 | ix |
| 29 | iii |
| 30 | vi |
| 31 | i |
| 32 | v |
| 33 | viii |
| 34 | ii |
| 35 | vii |
| 36 | F |
| 37 | E |
| 38 | A |
| 39 | B |
| 40 | E |
Questions 1- 7
The text contains five transport options, A – E.
According to the text which option would you choose if you wanted to do the following?
1. enjoy public gardens
2. go to Strip District with two friends
3. have a rest from studying
4. use a convenient and private form of transport
5. have something to eat at Squirrel Hill
6. get a little fitter
7. visit the Museum of History
Read the text and answer Questions 8-14
Car Rental Agreement
- Rental period
The conditions of this Agreement apply to any vehicles, including replacement vehicles, rented from Avis Renter will rent the vehicle for the rental period shown on the Agreement. Avis may agree to extend this rental period but the rental period may not normally exceed 30 days. If the Renter does not bring the vehicle back on time he is breaking the conditions in the Agreement. Avis can charge Renter for every day or part-day Renter has the vehicle after he should have returned it to Avis. Avis will charge Renter at the contracted rate until it gets the vehicle back.
- Renter’s responsibilities
(a) Renter must look after the vehicle and keys. The renter must always lock the vehicle when he is not using it, and he will incur a charge (which Avis will set from time to time) for lost keys. The renter must use any security device fitted to or supplied with the vehicle. The renter must make sure that he uses the correct fuel.
(b) Renter is responsible for any damage to the roof or upper part of the vehicle caused by hitting low objects, such as bridges or branches. This applies irrespective of whether or not Renter has opted for collision damage waiver in accordance with Clause 7.
(c) Renter must not sell, rent or dispose of the vehicle or any of its parts. The renter must not give anyone any legal rights over the vehicle.
(d) Renter must not let anyone work on the vehicle without Avis’ written permission.
(e) Renter must let Avis know as soon as he becomes aware of any defect(s) in the vehicle.
(f) Where Avis has agreed to deliver the vehicle to Renter, Renter’s liability for damage and theft shall begin on delivery of the vehicle. The renter must bring the vehicle back to the agreed return location, during the opening hours displayed at the rental office. One of Avis’ staff must see the vehicle to check that it is in good condition. Where Avis has agreed that Renter may return the vehicle outside of business hours (Monday to Friday 08:00 to 18:00), or where Renter has requested collection of the vehicle, Renter’s liability for damage, theft and parking violations shall extend to the earlier of midday of the first working day following the requested collection time or the time of re-inspection by a member of staff.
(g) Damage to the vehicle includes glass and tyre damage.
(h) Renter will have to pay for repairs if the vehicle requires more than Avis’ standard valeting (cleaning), or if the vehicle has been damaged either inside or outside (whether or not it is Renter’s fault).
(i) Renter must check before he brings back the vehicle that he has not left any belongings in the vehicle
Questions 8 – 14
Complete the sentences below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS and/or a NUMBER from the text for each answer.
- 8. Anyone renting a car from Avis has to pay the _______ until they return it.
- 9. It is the Renter’s responsibility to make sure that the vehicle runs on the right ________
- 10. Collisions with ________ which cause damage to the upper part of the vehicle are the Renter’s responsibility.
- 11. No work can be carried out on the vehicle without ________ from Avis.
- 12. On returning the vehicle, it must be checked by a member of ________
- 13. Even if the Renter is not at ________ they will be expected to pay for any internal or external damage.
- 14. Before leaving the vehicle, Renters must make sure they have not forgotten any of their __________
SECTION 2 Questions 15 – 27
Read the text and answer questions 15-21
SM Bus Pass Information
The Last Day to pickup Pall 2010 ASM Bus Pass or Fall Replacement Pass is December 23.
Spring/Summer Passes – available Starting January 10.
StudentPrint will be closing for the semester at 3 pm on December 23 and the Student Activity Center (SAC) will be closed until Sunday, January 9.
January 23 is the last day to pick up a new or replacement bus pass, with no exceptions. If you lose your pass between December 24 and January 10, you will not be able to obtain a replacement. However, you can purchase deeply discounted ride tickets at the University Bookstore and other locations around Madison.
Spring/Summer Passes Available January 10
Spring/Summer ASM Bus Pass distribution starts at 10 am on Monday, January 10. Get your pass at Steenbock Library at the corner of Babcock and Observatory or at the Student Activity Center. Main Lobby, 333 East Campus Mall 3rd floor lobby.
From January 10 to January 14 you can pick up a pass at Steenbock Library or the SAC from 10 am to 5 pm. Starting on Tuesday, January 18 through January 28 we’ll be open later, from 10 am to 6 pm. Please note we will be closed for the Martin Luther King Jr. holiday on Monday, January 17.
After the 28th, passes will be available at StudentPrintfor the remainder of the semester. StudentPrint hours are 9:30 am to 6:30 pm Monday through Friday when classes are in session.
You must be registered for Spring Semester 2011 classes and present a valid WisCard or you will not be given a pass. If you have a new Wishard, you must wait overnight for your records to be updated before we can give you a pass.
Questions 15 – 21
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?
TRUE– if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE– if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN– if there is no information on this
- 15. You can pick up an ASM Fall Replacement Pass before the end of the year.
- 16. The SAC will close at 3 pm on 23rd December.
- 17. Replacement bus passes must be collected before 23rd January if they are lost between December 24 and January 10.
- 18. Spring/Summer passes can be obtained from the SAC.
- 19. Probably the best place to get a spring/summer pass in early January is the Steenbock Library.
- 20. After the 28th of January, SudentPrint will be open later than usual.
21. If your WisCard is not new, you can get your spring/summer pass without waiting.
Read the text and answer Questions 22 – 27
The Bicycle
The last decade saw some big changes in cycling in technology, culture, infrastructure, and yes, even fashion.
- A. Carbon Fiber frames have gone from novelty to mainstream: Most brands of road bikes are now offered in carbon fiber and not just aluminum or steel. Bicycle companies have done research and development to make reliable carbon frames and composite frames. Mountain bike frames are also offered in carbon, which shows how reliable the new carbon frames are. Not only are these bikes now lighter in weight, they are also performing better than ever.
- B. Maturing of full-suspension bikes: the full suspension mountain bike has been improved and refined to specifically handle different types of terrain. The suspension is also adjustable so that your body type and riding style can be optimized for you. Like everything else, full-suspension bikes have become a lot lighter, which is a blessing for all riders.
- C. Another technology break-through: Disc brakes really came out and were perfected in the last decade Disc brakes (mechanical or hydraulic) are able to generate much higher clamp forces than rim brakes Disc brakes tend to perform equally well in all conditions including water, mud, and snow. Unlike most rim brake designs, disc brakes are compatible with bicycle suspensions.
- D. Electronic Gear-Shifting technology has spent a long time in development and in the 2009 season, battery-powered derailleurs make gear changes perfect every time and even compensate for traditional crossover problems. The rechargeable batteries are expected to last over 1,000 miles between charges. Campagnolo has also been working on electronic gear shifting as well but decided to hold off until the economy improves -presumably about 2012.
- E. A better light in the dark: Bicycle lights have made some big advancements. In the last few years, they have become smaller, brighter, lightweight, and less expensive. LEDs lights have taken over the ”Be Seen” market with small, lightweight, multi-functioning modes including strobe modes for improved “Be Seen” visibility. LEDs have also taken over the bright light market making night rides both on and off-road not only safer but fun. You no longer run out of road before you run out of light. In addition to increased lumens, they also come with lightweight lithium Jon rechargeable batteries that complement our lightweight bikes.
- F. Cruisers became popular again. A wave of fun and classic-styled bikes with upright seating and balloon tires spread like an ocean wave from Southern California across the USA. Cruisers were back! New manufacturers dedicated to the cruiser market brought fun, whimsical styling and beach-inspired designs to bikes in the 2000s. Many of the major bike manufacturers now have at least one, if not an entire line of cruisers. What’s not to love?
- G. Ahh! The Comfort Bicycle, an ideal bicycle for riding on smooth park trails or paved paths also became very popular over the last decade. These hybrid bikes with a soft ride typically have a modified mountain bike frame with a tall head tube to provide an upright riding position. These bikes are the perfect bikes to entice bike newbies or those who are returning to cycling with their comfort, ease of ride, and a position that gives them confidence. We can never do too much to try to win more convert to cycling!
H. The Boy’s Club opened its doors. Major bicycle companies started thinking about women. In the past ten years, many companies dropped the “shrink it, and pink it” design theme for women’s bikes, and actually took into consideration the geometry of women’s specific fit bicycle frames and women’s specific saddles for both road and mountain bikes. Trek was the first of the major bicycle manufacturers to take the lead and introduce their · WSD’ (Women Specific Design) in 2002, and Specialized brought out their Allez Dolce women’s road bike in 2003. Whether or not you think women need a road or mountain bike designed for women’s geometry or not, it definitely was a marker as bicycle companies made a real effort to cater to women. By mid-decade, women’s specific bikes for road, mountain, or triathlons got a big upgrade in quality: lightweight composite or carbon fiber frames and premium components. It was about time!
Questions 22 – 27
The text contains eight paragraphs, A – H.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
22. an improvement for people riding at night
23. an improvement for a smoother ride on all surfaces
24. improved materials for better performance
25. the company started to cater to both sexes
- 26. the return of a quirky, older fashion
27. more stopping power
SECTION3 Questions 28 – 40
Read the text and answer questions 28 – 40
Green Transport
- A. Society has tended to be shaped by its modes of transport, from the horse and cart to the car and the plane. Now, though, our world and its transport systems are being shaped by the threat of climate change. In the UK, transport alone accounts for around a quarter of greenhouse-gas emissions, so the big question is how we can make it green.
- B. This challenge has become more pressing since the government released its white paper on energy and climate change in July. With slashing emissions by 80 percent by 2050 now an official target, the spotlight of transport research has shifted from miles per hour on to miles per gallon, says Roger Kemp, professor of engineering at Lancaster University. This shift has been helped by the white paper’s emphasis on green transport and boosted by its prediction that an estimated 1.2 million extra green energy jobs will be created by 2020. “Green energy for transportation is a huge marketplace,” says Barry Potier from Resourcing Solutions, a recruitment consultancy based in Ruscombe, Berkshire that specializes in renewable energy.
- C. To sustain this marketplace, the UK will need a strong base in terms of expertise. Combine this with the fact that there is a real shortfall in people with the technical skills required, says Potier, and those who have the qualifications can have their pick of the jobs. “Energy should be the career of choice for all scientists, technicians, and engineers at the moment – it’s a no-brainer,” adds Kemp.
- D. So where should you begin? In such a broad industry the options can be overwhelming, so focus on getting a grounding in applied science or engineering, advises Tristan Smith, a mechanical engineering research assistant at University College London. “Employers are looking for excellent knowledge of first principles, rather than someone who can just ‘talk the talk’ “. It doesn’t necessarily pay to start with the greenest companies either. Large engineering firms, such as Rolls-Royce or BAE Systems, might not be the poster boys of sustainable development at the moment, says Smith, but they do have the funding and graduate training schemes to give you the best start.
- E. All transport methods will be affected by the government’s target, with the Royal Society saying that “radical” changes in how we travel and the way we fuel our vehicles will be needed. So which area should you specialize in? Road transport is ahead of the game, having received some of the biggest investments for green projects. Steven Chu, the US Secretary of Energy, has stated his belief in the “inevitable transition to electricity as the energy for our personal transportation”. Even Google is investing in green cars, bankrolling the futuristic Aptera- which not only looks good but runs off electricity too.
- F. Yet despite this support there is still a long way to go. “Your electric car is only as green as your electricity supply,” says Jeff Hardy, from the UK Energy Research Centre in London. One of the biggest challenges will be to make sure the electricity we use to charge our cars is low-carbon. What’s more, we will need a whole new infrastructure to charge them – think of exchanging your battery when you stop at a service station rather than filling the tank. This infrastructure just doesn’t exist yet. Then there is all the energy needed to run the new system: “Switching 23 million cars to electric, requires quite a large extra chunk of electricity that we don’t currently produce,” says Hardy. According to Smith, these challenges are no bad thing. “If we are going to meet any of our CO2 reduction targets, there’s so much for engineers to get stuck into. For anyone who enjoys a challenge, this is the most exciting time since the industrial revolution.”
- G. While electricity for cars is seen as a winning investment, biofuels are more contentious. A recent study by the European Commission predicts that, of all the renewables, biofuels will offer the most career opportunities in the future. Yet confidence in this energy source is far from universal, as producing biofuel would involve encroaching on agricultural land. Even if you could power all cars with it, no one would be able to eat, argues Kemp. Despite these doubts, there is cash available for research. This year the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council invested £27 million in biofuels by launching the Sustainable Bioenergy Centre, a partnership between academia and industry. There is still hope for biofuels, says Hardy, because there is a lot of interest in what comes next – second and third-generation technologies which move us away from crops as a fuel source and towards using agricultural waste, for instance.
- H. Using fuel cells to power vehicles is another exciting and hotly debated prospect. “A fuel cell gives us the highest efficiency device for producing electricity that we know of. It produces very low emissions too, so it’s efficient and it’s clean,” says Nigel Brandon, director of the Energy Futures Lab at Imperial College London. Nevertheless, issues such as refueling and ensuring the energy comes from renewable sources are proving problematic, as is the fact that fuel cells are still expensive to produce. “We need to work to make those fuel cells cheaper and to do so we need to develop new materials,” says Brandon. All these obstacles stand between fuel-cell cars and the mass market. So is it a career dead end for young scientists? Not according to Brandon. “We absolutely have to address our emissions from the transport sector and there are very few ways we can do it,” he says. “For young scientists and engineers in the years ahead, there are tremendous opportunities to make a contribution. The challenges are there and fuel cells are part of the solution.”
Questions 28 – 40
The text has eight paragraphs, A-H
Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
|
I. Starting point for young scientists II. Fuel or food? III. Change in the focus of research IV. Problems with the current infrastructure V. The future role of electricity VI. Employment opportunities look bright VII. A low-pollution solution VIII. The need for new infrastructure IX. Past and present influences on transportation
|
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
| A. Jeff Hardy
B. Nigel Brandon C. Steven Chu D. Barry Potier E. Tristan Smith F. Roger Kemp
|
Classify the following statements by person.
36. thinks that job hunters face an easy decision
37. thinks that job hunters need a sound understanding of the basic concepts
38. is quite optimistic about biofuels
39. believes there are great opportunities for job hunters in fuel cell technology
40. welcomes the problems of moving to electric cars
THANKS FOR READING: Getting Around Town Answers
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